COVID-19 impacts on United States crawfish. (Special Issue: COVID-19 impacts on selected commodities.)

This research determines the impacts of COVID-19 US on crawfish production and consumption for 2020 and 2021 using an Equilibrium Displacement Model. In the US, crawfish is one of the seafood commodities where most production is consumed by domestic consumers (7% of domestic consumption is from imports). Crawfish and rice are complementary. Therefore, the impacts of COVID-19 on crawfish consumption simultaneously influence rice production and crawfish producers and consumers. In the first year of COVID-19 (2020), the reduction in crawfish retail demand caused negative effects on final consumers and producers. However, crawfish consumption recovered significantly in the second year (2021), which could compensate for the loss in 2020. Overall, consumer and producer gains ranged from $549 to $626 million if the COVID-19 pandemic only impacted retail consumption. However, in 2021, the increase in production costs due to higher oil/diesel prices and other input prices caused the farm supply to decrease. As a result, total welfare gains ranged from $200 to $228 million. If the demand in 2021 did not increase, but the crawfish farm supply decreased, consumer and producer losses ranged from $929 to $1045 million. Overall, the total effects of COVID-19 on consumers and producers for 2020 and 2021 depend on its effects in 2021. If the demand in 2021 increased following the decrease in farm supply, consumers and producers would benefit from the shocks of COVID-19 due to higher post-COVID-19 demand.

Special Issue: COVID-19 impacts on selected commodities. (Special Issue: COVID-19 impacts on selected commodities.)

This special issue consists of seven articles examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the markets of selected commodities, including: seafood, lumber, crawfish, cattle/beef, fruits and vegetables in the USA, cotton and garments in Bangladesh, and fuel oil globally.

Comparative analysis of shrimp production in Ecuador in the 2010-2020 period

Efficiency in shrimp farming is due to the use of an extensive system that includes fewer larvae per pool, which increases productivity, improves financial results, and even the environmental impacts generated during these operations. The objective of this study was to identify the factors that affect supply in the Ecuadorian shrimp sector. To this end, some statistical techniques such as linear regression and hypothesis testing were used. A bibliographic study was carried out regarding shrimp production in Ecuador, taking as reference the data provided by the National Chamber of Aquaculture and public control entities and reviewing the unprecedented impact on the current COVID19 sanitary crisis and the reduction of shrimp demand affecting Ecuador's income. Finally, it was observed that the research variables considered directly impact crustacean production, and a mathematical model was established.

Helping Louisiana's shrimp industry during the pandemic

This article reports on the inclusion of wild-caught shrimp in the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) program to help Louisiana's shrimp industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of a quick Sea Grant mobilization, $50 million in cash from USDA was infused into the shrimping industry, and 7.6 million pounds of Louisiana shrimp were taken out of inventory and distributed nationwide.

Serum miR-101, HSP-70 and IL-1 beta in gastric cancer patients with hp infection correlation between expression level and tmor proliferation and invasion

Objective: To investigate correlation between expression level and tumor proliferation and invasiveness of the serum miR-101, heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) and interleukin-1beta (Interleukin-1beta, IL-1beta) in patients with gastric cancer complicated by Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection.

Development strategy of crayfish industry under COVID-19 epidemic taking Jingzhou city in Hubei Province as an example

The pandemic situation of COVID-19 has seriously influenced the whole chain of crayfish industry--aquaculture, logistic, processing, and service in Jingzhou. In the short term, each link of the industry was difficult to get well completely, the relevant enterprises and new types of agricultural businesses lack of confidence. After undergoing rapid development for many years, it presented some new changes under the epidemic influence: firstly, the cultivation area tend to be stable and rational, and a large scale of crayfish aquaculture was transformed to high quality aquaculture;secondly, the storage and deep processing industry would be developed rapidly;thirdly, the online consumption mode would become widely accepted. Based on our investigation, some suggestions were put forward for crayfish industry to resume production and to promote the sustainable-healthy development. The first, crayfish aquaculture in paddy field should be changed from high production to high quality;the second, processing and server-side should develop new products and new marketing models;the third, the industry management department should strengthen guidance and supervision, local governments at all levels should strongly support from policy, finance and publicity, so that jointly guide the industry upgrading and create regional brands.

Socio-economic progress of shrimp farming in Punjab

COVID-19 pandemic devastated the world with unprecedented economic crisis, leaving everyone confused and apprehended, including the livestock sector. As a resilience measure, shrimp farmers of Punjab were advised some remedial adaptations. Expecting good results, socio-economic evaluation of shrimp farmers from 3 south west districts (Fazilka, Sri Muktsar Sahib and Mansa) of the state was carried out. With enthusiastic participation of young (56.7% 35 years of age) and educated (50% graduates) farmers, overall 86.6% of the farmers followed the advisories. The pandemic delayed stocking of ponds, however 66.7% of farmers harvested 6.5 to 8.75 t shrimp ha crop . -1 -1 Non-availability of water testing facility within approachable distance emerged as the major constraint (80%), while only 6.66% farmers each reported marketing and seed related problems. With culture period of 101-120 (40%) and >120 (36.7%) days, 66.7% farmers obtained feed conversion ratio <1.2. Further, 43.3 and 36.7% farmers harvested shrimp with an average body weight of 31-35g and 26-30g, respectively and 100% farmers marketed shrimp at the farm site @ Rs. 301-400 (53.3%) and >Rs. 400/- (40%) kg, corresponding to net profit of >12.5 lakh -1 (60%) and 7.6-12.5 lakh (26.7%) ha . The adopted resilience plan helped the farmers to realize optimal economic returns from shrimp farming -1 in Punjab.

Aquaculture: an introductory text

This 4th edition covers issues associated with sustainable aquaculture development, culture systems, hatchery methods, nutrition and feeding of aquaculture species, reproductive strategies, harvesting, and many other topics. While its main focus is on the culture of fish, molluscs and crustaceans for food, the book also covers other forms of aquaculture, such as the production of seaweeds, recreational fish and ornamental species, as well as live foods, such as algae and rotifers that are used to feed larval shrimp and marine fish. Thoroughly updated and revised, this essential textbook now includes increased coverage of open-ocean cage culture and sea lice issues with salmon culture, coverage of the significant progress made in nutrition, including the move away from fishmeal as protein and fish oil as lipids in feed, information on biofloc technology uses, predictive impacts of climate change, probiotics, and the impact of COVID-19 on the aquaculture community, and updated aquaculture production statistics and lists of approved anaesthetics. Aquaculture remains one of the most rapidly growing agricultural disciplines, and this book remains an essential resource for all students of aquaculture and related disciplines.

Spencer gulf prawn Penaeus (Melicertus) latisulcatus fishery

This report provides a biennial assessment of the South Australian Spencer Gulf Prawn Fishery (SGPF) for the 2018/19 and 2019/20 fishing years. The aims of this report were to: (i) provide brief synopses of the management of the fishery and biology of the Western King Prawn (Penaeus (Melicertus) latisulcatus);(ii) review the performance of the fishery;(iii) determine the current status of the resource;and (iv) identify future research and monitoring needs. The total harvest by the SGPF reached 2,121 t in 2018/19 and 1,743 t in 2019/20. The fleet required 53 nights in 2018/19, but due to the COVID-affected markets during 2019/20, industry restricted the season to 40 nights. These annual harvests and effort totals translated into catches per unit effort (CPUEs) in 2018/19 and 2019/20 of 109.7 and 127.3 kg h-1, respectively;the latter being the second highest recorded, and both exceeding the reference point (RP, 80 kg h-1) for this economic performance indicator (PI). Size grade composition of the annual harvest and the mean 7-kg 'bucket count' indicate a downward trend in average prawn size over the past several years. While this may be partly due to the revised size criteria in the current harvest strategy (where there is a trade-off between higher minimum catches and smaller prawn size criteria to provide greater flexibility to industry), it is likely to reflect the continued influx of new recruits from consecutive high (and record) recruitment years causing a disproportionate effect on the size composition and bucket count. Both the mean survey CPUE of 'adult' prawns (size grades comprising fewer than 20 prawns per pound) and 'newly recruited' prawns (more than 20 prawns per pound, i.e. '20+' grade) throughout 2018/19 and 2019/20 remained above their respective lower RPs. This resulted in the development of standard fishing strategies, except for an increasing fishing strategy after the March 2019 survey due to the mean survey CPUEadults exceeding the upper RP. The estimated mean egg production of 490 M eggs trawl-h-1 in October 2019 fell below the RP (500 M eggs trawl-h-1) for the first time since 2006/07;however, the recruitment index of 8.36 lb min-1 in March 2020 - which provides a more reliable window into the outlook for the fishery - was the highest recorded and more than three times the RP (2.38 lb min-1). The weighted mean CPUEadults (+or- 95% CI) from the October/November, February/March and April surveys during 2018/19 and 2019/20 were 4.19 +or- 0.16 lb min-1 and 4.14 +or- 0.21 lb min-1, respectively, both of which are above the trigger reference point (TRP;2.50 lb min-1). Under the definition in the harvest strategy, the stock is classified as 'sustainable'. Future research needs will primarily be focused on establishing the components of an ecological monitoring program to assess the impact of the fishery on the benthic ecosystem, improving the standardisation of survey catches in these assessments, and development of theory-based RPs (from the prawn bio-economic model) for consideration in a future iteration of the harvest strategy.

Southern zone rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) fishery stock assessment 2019/20: report to PIRSA Fisheries and Aquaculture

This stock assessment determined the status of South Australia's Southern Zone Rock Lobster Fishery (SZRLF) and provides the latest estimates of the biological performance indicators (Pis) information in context of the reference points (RPs) and stock status classification described in the Management Plan for the fishery (PIRSA 2020). Stock status was determined using the harvest strategy for the fishery that was developed in alignment with the National Fishery Status Reporting Framework (NFSRF) classification system that is used to determine the status of all South Australian fish stocks. Assessment of the SZRLF relies heavily on data from the commercial fishing sector through mandatory catch and effort logbook reporting. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) of legal and undersized (pre-recruit) lobsters are the main indicators of legal and pre-recruit abundance. Fishery-independent surveys and fishery model outputs also contribute to the assessment. During the 2019 fishing season (i.e. 1 October 2019 to 31 May 2020), the fishery was impacted by the COVID-19 market closure in late January of 2020. The primary impact was a considerable reduction in catch in February (6 t in 2020), where normally up to 100 t is landed. Consequently, the 2019 TACC (1,246 t) was not fully taken with a total commercial logbook catch of 1,202.4 t (96% of TACC). Effort required to take the catch was 758,029 potlifts, the lowest on record. Nominal legal-sized CPUE in 2019 was 1.59 kg/potlift, reflecting a 65% increase over the last three seasons and the highest catch rate since 2005. Current legal-sized catch rates are now above both the long-term average and the trigger reference point (TrRP) for the fishery. Recent increases in CPUE are also reflected in fishery-independent surveys. The pre-recruit index (PRI) shows a long-term decline since the late 1990s with the 2015 estimate the lowest on record Over the last four seasons, the PRI has increased by 138% to 1.76 undersized/pot, the highest since 2002. In the SZRLF, the time taken for pre-recruits to enter the fishable biomass is approximately one year. Fishery-independent surveys also support recent increases in PRI. Model outputs indicate considerable increases in legal-size biomass over the last three seasons. In 2019, the estimate was approximately 4,235 t, equating to an exploitation rate of 29%, the lowest on record Despite recent increases, egg production in the fishery remains low with 2019 estimates equating to 12% of unfished levels. In 2019, the CPUE of 1.59 kg/potlift was above the TrRP of 0.60 kg/potlift. Asa result, the SZRLF stock is classified as "sustainable". This means that the current fishing mortality is being adequately controlled to avoid the stock becoming recruitment impaired.

Northern Zone Rock Lobster (Jasus edwardsii) Fishery Stock Assessment 2019/20

This stock assessment determined the status of South Australia's Northern Zone Rock Lobster Fishery (NZRLF) through analysis of data from several long-term monitoring programs. The performance Indicators in the current harvest strategy are not linked to a definition of stock status. Consequently, this assessment used a weight-of-evidence method to determine stock status using me National Fishery Status Reporting Framework (NFSRF). Assessment of the NZRLF relies heavily on an from the commercial listing sector through mandatory catch and effort logbook reporting. Catch per wilt effort (CPUE) of legal and undersized (pre-recruit) lobsters are the main of legal and pre-recruit abundance. Fishery model out also contribute to the assessment. The total allowable commercial catch (TACC) in the NZRLF is 296 t reflecting recent reactions in both the inner and Outer sub-regions. In 2019 (I.e. 1 November 2019 to 31 October 2020), the Inner was impacted by me COVID-19 market closure in late January of 2020. The impact was a reduction in catch in February/March 2020 (21 t) where normally up to 100 t is landed. Consequently. me 2019 TACC (296 t) was not fully taken with a reported catch of 253 t (236 t Inner sub-region: 17 t Outer sub-region: 86% of TACC). Effort in 2019 was 304.040 potlifts. the third lowest on record. In 2019. zonal legal-sized CPUE (November-April) was 0.89 kg/potlifts, reflecting a 16% increase from 2016 (0.77 kg/potlifts) shim Increases observed across broad spatial scales in all major Marine Fishing Areas (MFAS) of the Inner. Despite COVID-19 impacts. there was no change In CPUE between 2018 and 2019. The logbook-derived pre-recruit rides (PRI) the 2019 was 0.20 undersized/potlifts reflecting a marginal decrease from 2018 (0.21) undersized/potlifts but remaining above Me draft harvest strategy trigger reference pant (TrRP) of 0.16 undersize/potlift. The time taken for pre-recruits to enter the fishable biomass is estimated to be approximately one year. Model outputs Indicate long-term declines in lobster biomass but with increases over the last tree seasons. in 2019, the estimates ranged from 1, 200 to 1,700 t equating to exploitation rates of 13 to 21%. the lowest on record. Despite recent increases, egg production on the fishery remains low with 2019 estimates equating to 10 to 15% or unlisted levels. The performance of the Outer lob-region of the fishery remains uncertain. The catch level of 17 t makes assessment difficult in 2019, however, catch rates in MFAs 7 and 8, two key catch areas, remain dose to historical lows. There is now evidence to indicate tint the status of the NZRLF stock has improved over the last two seasons in response to TACC reductions. Specifically: (i) catch rates have Increased by 16% with improvements in fishery performance observed across broad spinal acmes: (ii) biomass has increased and exportation rates are at historical lows: and (iii) the PRI is above the TrRP. As a result, Cased co a weight-of-evidence approach. me NZRLF stock is classMed as 'sustainable' at the current TACC of 296 t. This means that me current fisting mortally is being adequately controlled to avoid the stock becoming recruitment impaired.

Optimisation of feed margins: as COVID-19 presents a real crisis for the aquaculture industry, it could also induce improvements in shrimp farming

This article describes the economic impact of COVID-19 to the global aquaculture industry and possible mitigation procedures to improve the supply, breeding and genetics, farming techniques, feed formulation, production costs, marketing and prices. The results of studies regarding the beneficial effects of proteinases on the growth performance and nitrogen digestibility and excretion in fishes and shrimp are also presented.

Assessment of Tilapia–Freshwater Prawn Co-Culture Schemes in Tanks and Lake-Based Cages for Increased Farm Production

The technical viability of tilapia (I-ExCEL strain Nile or red) and giant freshwater prawn (GFP) co-culture in cages-within-tanks was evaluated while appropriate feeding protocols for tilapia-GFP co-culture in cages in a eutrophic lake were determined. Specifically, production parameters in all test species grown for five months in tank co-culture (where only tilapias were fed) were compared, while the best feeding protocol from among the following treatments: (a) Tfed—fed tilapias;(b) GFPfed—fed prawns and (c) T-GFPfed—both species fed, were defined. I-ExCEL Nile tilapias grew faster in tank co-culture whether reared singly or otherwise. However, red tilapia-GFP tank co-culture gave the best results considering key production traits in all test species (red tilapia —2.52%/day specific growth rate or SGR, 83.3% survival;GFP—1.17%/day SGR, 72.85% survival). Lake-based co-culture was technically feasible at stocking densities of 12.5/m2 for tilapia and 2.4 to 4/m2 for prawns even when only tilapias were fed;prawns grew to desired marketable sizes by thriving mainly on detritus and natural food organisms in the lake. However, further refinements can still be made to optimise the co-culture schemes to make them more sustainable and provide artisanal fish farmers options in increasing farm yields through multi-species aquaculture.

Consequences of a new species and different stocks of Spiny Red Lobster in Brazil

Resumo: A lagosta vermelha tem um importante papel comercial no Brasil, porém, uma tendencia de queda na produçâo de lagostas devido a sobrepesca tem sido observada e há também uma desvalorizaçâo do produto no mercado internacional devido a instabilidade no comprimento das lagostas comercializadas. Aqui no Brasil, detectamos dois problemas em relaçâo a lagosta vermelha: (1) De acordo com estudos recentes, existem diferenças genéticas e morfológicas entre as populaçöes caribenha e brasileira e;(2) Atualmente a legislaçâo näo considera os múltiplos estoques prováveis da espécie. Desta forma, os períodos de defeso sazonais näo consideram os diferentes estoques, o que tem implicaçöes diretas no manejo e na conservaçâo. Logo, o reconhecimento da lagosta vermelha do Brasil como Panulirus meripurpuratus e investimientos em pesquisas biológicas e populacionais säo fundamentais pra facilitar seu manejo considerando diferenças regionais nos seus estoques.Alternate :The Spiny Red Lobster has an important commercial role in Brazil. However, a downward trend in the production of lobsters due to overfishing has been observed and there is also a devaluation of the product in the international market due to the instability in the size pattern of lobsters commercialized. Here in Brazil we detected two issues regarding the Spiny Red Lobster: (1) According to recent studies, there are genetic and morphological differences between Caribbean and Brazilian populations, which may be considered different species and;(2) Current legislation, such as seasonal closures, does not consider the multiple probable stocks of the species, which have direct implications in management and conservation. Thus, the recognition of the Spiny Red Lobster from Brazil as Panulirus meripurpuratus and investments on population and biological research are essential to improve its management considering regional stock differences.